PSG has now won the season-opening trophy on 14 separate occasions.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the match featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup winners after the French winger found the net in the opening stages.
However, Marseille struck twice in the closing moments to seize a surprise lead. First, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital leveler in the final moments to send the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving crucial attempts from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all scored successfully for PSG to seal a convincing shootout win.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the past 13 seasons.